Rare-earth-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Rare earth (RE) metals have special 4f shell electronic configuration and special physical and chemical properties. Therefore, rare-earth-based catalysts are extensive used in the electrochemical cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. ... Green and environmental protection; The metal nanoclusters ...
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Review on hydrometallurgical recovery of rare earth metals
Rare earth metals are generally recycled from three different magnet materials (1) swarf obtained during magnet manufacturing, (2) small magnets of end-of-life roducts and (3) large magnets in hybrid and electric vehicles or wind turbines. ... However, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012) rare earth recycling ...
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A review of environmental aspect of rare earth element extraction
However, one of the challenges facing rare earth mining is the detectable radioactive matter that both conventional and unconventional rare earth sources contain (Dutta et al., 2016, Pillai, 2017). Some of the previously conducted review studies on the environmental assessment of rare earth processes are summarized and discussed in Table 5.
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Rare Earth Elements Pose Environmental, Economic Risks for Clean …
Serpell: Historically, China's monopoly over rare earth element production and refining capacity has been of greatest concern to national security and defense agencies, really. It has been seen, and is really still seen, as a national security risk. This is because rare earth elements are required in many military applications.
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Leaching characteristics and environmental impact of heavy metals …
Following ion-adsorption rare earth mining, the residual tailings experience considerable heavy metal contamination and gradually evolve into a pollution source. Therefore, the leaching characteristics and environmental impact of heavy metals in ion-adsorption rare earth tailings require immediate a …
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Rare Earths from Mines to Metals: Comparing …
Over the past decade, China has supplied over 90% of global rare earths, and in doing so bore significant environmental burdens from processing its complex ores. In this study, we used life cycle assessment to quantify …
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Rare earth elements: A review of applications, occurrence, …
Rare earth elements (REE) include the lanthanide series elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) plus Sc and Y. Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbines.
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What are Rare Earth Metals?
Key Features of Rare Earth Metals. Magnetic Properties – Rare earth metals are often used for industrial-strength magnets, of which are often found in wind turbines, electronics, …
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New challenges for the sustainable development of the rare-earth metals
In light of the global energy transition, the current climate agenda, green initiatives, rapid growth in the electronics industry, and digital transformation, the role of rare-earth metals (REMs) is becoming more and more noticeable (Baldi et al., 2014; Dominish et al., 2019; Gielen, 2021).These metals are needed in the aerospace industry, microelectronics manufacturing, …
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Rare Earth Element Mining and Recovery: A Regulatory …
Rare earth elements, also called rare earth metals (REM), are elements that are critical materials used in the production of electronics, magnets, and computer chips, as well …
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Environmental Damage
Throughout the cycle of mining processes that rare earth elements go through, there is potential for negative effects on the environment. Extracting rare earth elements begins with mining. This is followed by the refining process, and then …
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Rare-Earth Metal-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage: …
Rare-earth-metal-based materials have emerged as frontrunners in the quest for high-performance hydrogen storage solutions, offering a paradigm shift in clean energy technologies. ... Environmental Protection and New Energy 2023GY8/Leshan West Silicon Materials Photovoltaic New Energy Industry Technology Research Institute
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The Development of HfO -Rare Earth Based Oxide Materials …
Metal blade 3200 °F (T41) Gas TBC Bond ... ─Advanced approaches for next generation environmental barrier and thermal protection system development ... Rare earth silicate ~1800-1900°C 5-8.5x10-6 m/m-K Good
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SRC Rare Earth Processing Facility First to Produce Rare Earth Metals
Released on September 18, 2024. The Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) is proud to announce that its Rare Earth Processing Facility located in Saskatoon is ahead of schedule and produced rare earth metals at a commercial scale in Summer 2024 – making Saskatchewan the first and only jurisdiction to do so in North America.
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Current status and perspectives of rare earth catalytic materials …
In rare earth-noble metal catalysts, rare earth materials also play an important role in (1) improving the activity, selectivity, and catalyst stability, including: (2) improving the dispersion of the active metal, and decreasing the amount of noble metals to reduce catalyst costs; (3) improving poison tolerance and prolonging the catalyst life ...
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Situation and Policies of China's Rare Earth Industry
China' s rare earth metals industry, relatively small in scale, features a low concentration rate with numerous businesses, but lacks large enterprises with core competitiveness. Self-discipline in the industry is also weak, and vicious competition exists to some extent. ... To intensify environmental protection efforts in the rare earth ...
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Rare earth elements resources and beneficiation: A review
Rare earth elements (REEs) were discovered in Sweden in the 18th century (Dushyantha et al., 2020).REEs are defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as a general name of 17 metal elements in the periodic table, including 15 lanthanides together with scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y) (Damhus et al., 2005, Erust et al., 2023).
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Rare Earth Metal
According to EPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012, the abundance of REEs in earth's crust shows that lanthanides with lower atomic numbers are more abundant than one with higher atomic numbers as presented in Table 1.They do not occur as metallic elements but exists in wide range of minerals of carbonates, oxides, phosphates and silicates as trivalent …
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Recent achievements in rare earth modified metal oxides for
Rare earth metals with high energy levels, multi-electron configurations and unique 4f orbitals have been employed as catalysts for PMS activation due to their capacity to …
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Rare Earths from Mines to Metals: Comparing Environmental Impacts from
Over the past decade, China has supplied over 90% of global rare earths, and in doing so bore significant environmental burdens from processing its complex ores. In this study, we used life cycle assessment to quantify environmental impacts for producing 1 kilogram (kg) of 15 rare earth elements from each major production pathway.
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Fluorescent lamps: A review on environmental concerns and …
The low energy consumption of FL is an advantage relative to a few other electrical power supplies; nevertheless, they can be a source of environmental contamination if inappropriately disposed of [44], [73].In 2007, 397 million compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) were sold in the United States and about 288 million units in Europe [150], [162].In Brazil, around …
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Global environmental cost of using rare earth elements in green …
Our results demonstrate that between 2010 and 2020, the use of permanent magnets has resulted cumulatively in 32 billion tonnes CO 2 -equivalent of GHG emissions …
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Environmental impacts of rare earth production | MRS Bulletin
Ever since the increasing importance of rare earth elements (REEs) for green technologies, such as wind turbines, electric vehicles, and low-energy lighting, there has been …
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Rare Earth Research, Production, Policy, and Future …
According to cre information in December 2020, Russia plans to significantly increase the exploitation of rare and rare earth metals in the next few years, increasing their production to about 20,000 tonnes by 2024 and to more than 70,000 tonnes by 2030. This would make Russia the world's largest exporter of rare and rare earth metals.
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Rare Earths from Mines to Metals: Comparing Environmental …
In this study, we used life cycle assessment to quantify environmental impacts for producing 1 kilogram (kg) of 15 rare earth elements from each major production pathway. The …
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Rare Earth: An Invaluable Element for Malaysia
2 Balancing economic growth and environmental protection: A sustainable approach to Malaysia's rare-earth industry, Eli Syafiqah Aziman, Aznan Fazli Ismail, Muhammad Abdullah Rahmat. 3 Ionic absorption clay deposits are …
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A review on recent applications and future prospects of rare earth
Rare earth oxides (REOs) and metals as an important class of materials have generated global interest in modern technology. Here, eight REOs (R 2 O 3, R = Yb, Er, Sm, Eu, Y, Gd, Dy, and Ce) are identified those are mostly used in diverse chemical and industrial sectors.In this concise review the applications of these REOs in corrosion protection, thermal …
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Gas sensing using metal oxide semiconductor doped with rare earth
Rare earth metal doping can lessen electron-hole pair recombination, ... Gas sensing is important for environmental protection. The optimum detection of gases is a complex process and it depends on many factors such as chemical compositions, nanostructures, operating temperature, target gases, etc. Rare earth element-doped MOSs shows better gas ...
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Evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity in rare
Rare earth functional elements are used in new energy vehicles, national defense equipment, rare earth permanent magnet motors, energy savings and environmental protection efforts, rail ...
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Rare Earth Metals and the Environment
Rare earth metals are found in an ever-increasing number of products we use every day, and there are major environmental concerns and serious health issues associated with the extractions of these metals.
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