The use of treated desert sand in sustainable concrete: A …
Rapid urbanization and the construction of new and improved infrastructure have necessitated using huge amounts of concrete. China and India produce approximately 11.5 billion tons of concrete annually [1].Globally, over 30 billion tons of river sand are consumed each year, posing environmental threats due to the depletion of raw materials [2, 3].In 2015, around 5 …
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The use of treated desert sand in sustainable concrete: A …
Additionally, the shortage of river sand resources and the scarcity of fine aggregates in desert areas contribute to increased concrete costs [10]. Although fine aggregate is widely available and cheap in some countries [11], most countries do not have the appropriate resources to extract sufficient quantities of fine aggregates due to the high ...
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Effect of replacing freshwater river-sand with seawater sea-sand …
The substantial increase in infrastructure construction has led to a scarcity of river sand and freshwater resources in most countries. To address this issue, the replacement of freshwater river-sand with abundant seawater sea-sand in concrete is considered a sustainable construction method. To this end, this paper investigates the effect of ...
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Sand Dams in Kenya
Just a Drop helped the community to build two sand dams here in 2020 and 20 21. Before the sand dam, this community collected water from the River Athi, which takes about 30 minutes to walk to. The river is known to be very polluted by the discharging of chemicals upstream by industry in Nairobi, and added dangers posed by hippos and crocodiles.
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Top 20 Sand Exporting Countries
Sand is extracted form a variety of locations, such as beaches, dunes, and that dredged from the ocean floor and river beds. The extraction process can range from having a front loader just scoop up and transport the sand from a riverbank to using floating dredges to loosen sand deposits that are underwater and then using a suction pipe to suck ...
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Sand Dams for Sustainable Water Management: …
514 dynamics (line 3) can be synergic to the study of watershed dynamics, sand dam siting, of the dynamics of sand dams benefits exploitation, and of the 515 response to sand dams failure.
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Time is running out for sand
For example, sand mining on the Pearl River (Zhujiang) in China has lowered water tables, made it harder to extract drinking water and hastened river-bed scour, damaging bridges and embankments 7 ...
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The Global Sand Crisis: Examining Causes, …
Additionally, urban expansion in places such as China, India, and many African countries drives the need for concrete, which can be cast quickly and is easily accessible. Unfortunately, the demand is too large and domestic mining …
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Sustainability of the global sand system in the Anthropocene
Global demand of construction minerals threatens ecosystems, triggers social conflicts, and fuels concerns over sand scarcity. Balancing protection efforts and extraction to meet society's needs requires designing sustainable pathways at a system level. This perspective on global sand sustainability shifts the focus from the mining site to the entire sand-supply …
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Why is sand so scarce right now?
A surge in demand is causing a sand shortage crisis. An expert explains what the scarcity means for the environment and building construction.
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(PDF) A sustainable solution to excessive river sand …
Sand and gravel are the world's most exploited resources, even surpassing fossil fuels; they are mostly used for producing concrete. On the one hand, due to restrictions on the use of river sand ...
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Why is sand so scarce right now?
In countries with high demand for sand and poor regulations, once high-quality deposits become exhausted or inaccessible due to urban growth, nature protection, or farming, sand extraction shifts ...
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Impact of Water Scarcity on Education Outcomes: Evidence from …
Water scarcity could challenge the realisation of universal primary and secondary attainment in developing countries especially Africa. This endangers an already fragile human capital and economic development in the region. Multinomial logistic framework was employed to examine the impact of water scarcity on education outcomes using data from MICS and DHS …
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Sand shortage: The world is running out of a crucial …
China and India top the list of areas where sand extraction impacts on rivers, lakes and on coastlines, largely as a result of soaring infrastructure and construction demand.
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How Much Sand Is Left In The World, When Will We Run Out,
A summary of how much sand is left in the world, when we might run out, what happens if we do, potential solutions to sand shortages, & more
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Sand dams: a sustainable solution for water scarce regions
Rainfall – Sand dams were found suitable where there is certain degree of rainfall capable for flooding at certain times. This allows the required amount of sand sediments to be deposited and fill the dam. Rock type – Sand dams are usually built across the river beds, anchored on the bedrock. To reduce the cost for this structure,
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Constructing the global sand crisis: Four reasons to interrogate …
A resource is in demand, it is necessary for our way of life (under capitalism) and it is running out. Sand, as noted above, has been declared a "rare" (e.g., 2014 UNEP report "Sand, rarer than one thinks") and "disappearing" resource ("The World's Disappearing Sand" in the New York Times 2016).
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The problem with our dwindling sand reserves
The report builds on UNEP research from 2019 that found increasing demand for sand, which saw a three-fold growth over 20 years, had caused river pollution and flooding, while also shrinking aquifers and …
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The Impacts of Global Sand Mining
The world's top 10 sand-importer countries are: Singapore, Canada, Belgium-Luxembourg, Netherlands, Japan, Mexico, Germany, Hongkong, China, and Italy. In the U.S.A., the Cemex Mine in Marina City is the only remaining coastal sand mine in operation in the entire U.S.A. At a time when other countries are taking efforts to dump sand on their ...
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Sand, gravel, and UN Sustainable Development Goals: Conflicts
In Romania and Greece, as in all European member countries, the exploitation of sand and gravel from the river beds is carried out based on authorizations issued by the specific river ...
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Sand Crisis Risks Depletion of World's Most-Used
The most known materials produced by sand, including glass and concrete, increased in supply due to the growing populations and the surge of urbanization in many …
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Feasibility assessment and application of sea sand in concrete
Due to the scarcity of freshwater and river sand resources, the use of seawater and sea sand as alternatives for concrete casting has garnered widespread attention worldwide. This paper provides a summary and critical review of the latest research on Seawater Sea Sand Concrete (SWSSC). ... Still, many countries need more sand mining regulatory ...
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Sand mining: how it impacts the environment and solutions
But to house those people, industrial sand mining or aggregate extraction – where sand and gravel are removed from river beds, lakes, the oceans and beaches for use in …
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Use of sea-sand and seawater in concrete construction: Current …
The lack of river sand has led to the use of sea-sand and crushed stone fines in many countries, with the use of sea-sand in the UK being an example [4]. More than 90% of the world's dredged sea-sand has been used as a raw material in the construction industry, with over 45% of the dredged sea-sand being used as fine aggregate for concrete [5] .
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Sustainability of the global sand system in the Anthropocene
In 2020 the global anthropogenic mass outweighed all of Earth's living biomass. 1 Sand, gravel, and crushed rock, together referred to as construction aggregates, constitute the largest share of the anthropogenic mass and are the most extracted solid materials by mass. 2 Development debates have centered on globally traded metals, fossil fuels, and precious …
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Life Cycle Assessment of River Sand and Aggregates
Materials 2023, 16, 2064 2 of 19 The magnitude of river sand mining operations are underestimated by official statistics due to the unregulated markets and supply chains particularly in emerging ...
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The World Is Running Out of Sand
David Owen writes about the scarcity of many kinds of usable sand, which is one of the world's most widely used natural resources. ... River sand is more angular. William H. Langer, a research ...
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An investigation on the effect of sea sand on the properties of fly …
The global consumption of river sand as a fine aggregate in the production of concrete and mortar is very high. Unfortunately, in the last 20 years, the obtainability of river sand is reducing and several countries have problems in supplying. One option to solve the scarcity of river sand is to use sea sand in the construction field. In the current paper, an attempt has …
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World is running out of sand, here's why you should be worried
Illegal sand mining has been documented in 70 countries across the globe, and hundreds of people have reportedly been killed in battles over sand in the past decade in countries including India and Kenya, among them local citizens, police officers, and government officials. "Politically and socially, we must ask: If we can send probes to the depths of the …
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Countries with Water Scarcity 2024
Iraq. Iraq is considered a region with high water scarcity stress, in contrast to when the Iraqi city of Basra was nicknamed the Venice of the East. The country gets about 98% of its surface water from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, originating from Turkey.. Trouble began in the 1970s when Turkey initiated South- Eastern Anatolia project to construct 19 power plants.
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